Asunto(s)
Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/sangre , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/sangre , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/etiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/sangre , Tromboembolia/prevención & control , Trombofilia/etiología , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Betacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Betacoronavirus/fisiología , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análisis , COVID-19 , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/etiología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/prevención & control , Contraindicaciones de los Medicamentos , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/sangre , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/etiología , Coagulación Intravascular Diseminada/tratamiento farmacológico , Coagulación Intravascular Diseminada/etiología , Células Endoteliales/virología , Femenino , Heparina de Bajo-Peso-Molecular/administración & dosificación , Heparina de Bajo-Peso-Molecular/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Tiempo de Tromboplastina Parcial , Plasma , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Hemorragia Posparto/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia Posparto/terapia , Embarazo , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Puerperales/sangre , Trastornos Puerperales/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Puerperales/etiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Tromboembolia/etiología , Trombofilia/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Tranexámico/efectos adversos , Ácido Tranexámico/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been shown to cause multisystemic damage. We undertook a systematic literature review and comprehensive analysis of a total of 55 articles on arterial and venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 and articles on previous pandemics with respect to thromboembolism and compared the similarities and differences between them. The presence of thrombosis in multiple organ systems points to thromboembolism being an integral component in the pathogenesis of this disease. Thromboembolism is likely to be the main player in the morbidity and mortality of COVID -19 in which the pulmonary system is most severely affected. We also hypothesize that D-dimer values could be used as an early marker for prognostication of disease as it has been seen to be raised even in the pre-symptomatic stage. This further strengthens the notion that thromboembolism prevention is necessary. We also examined literature on the neurovascular and cardiovascular systems, as the manifestation of thromboembolic phenomenon in these two systems varied, suggesting different pathophysiology of damage. Further research into the role of thromboembolism in COVID-19 is important to advance the understanding of the virus, its effects and to tailor treatment accordingly to prevent further casualties from this pandemic.
Asunto(s)
Arteriopatías Oclusivas/etiología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/etiología , Embolia Pulmonar/etiología , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiología , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/diagnóstico , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/mortalidad , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/prevención & control , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/mortalidad , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidad , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/prevención & control , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Pronóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/mortalidad , Embolia Pulmonar/prevención & control , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia Venosa/mortalidad , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevención & control , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico , Trombosis de la Vena/mortalidad , Trombosis de la Vena/prevención & control , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19RESUMEN
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells with angiotensin receptors, leading to pneumonia linked to COVID-19. The virus has a double impact on the cardiovascular system, the infection will be more intense if the host has cardiovascular co-morbidities and the virus can cause life-threatening cardiovascular lesions. Therapies associated with COVID-19 may have adverse cardiovascular effects. Therefore, special attention should be given to cardiovascular protection during COVID-19 infection.